What makes this challenging for teachers is that students’ needs vary: Because students’ needs change frequently, teachers should be familiar with two general principles or strategies of differentiated instruction: ongoing assessment and flexible grouping. The Differentiated Classroom: Responding to the Needs of All Learners by Carol Ann Tomlinson; Differentiation in Action by Judith Dodge; How the Brain Learns by David A. Sousa; How to Differentiate Instruction in Mixed Ability Classrooms by Carol Ann … In addition to these factors, a student’s profile may be influenced by gender and culture. Differentiated assessment is an ongoing process through which teachers gather data before, during, and after instruction from multiple sources to identify learners’ needs and strengths. Across content areas (e.g., some students excel with math but struggle with reading), Within content areas (e.g., some students excel at addition but struggle with fractions), Across the school year (e.g., at the beginning of the year, some students struggle with reading but improve greatly due to effective instruction), Answer a specific question about the lesson, Demonstrate a skill (adding two two-digit numbers), Ask a question about something they don’t understand about the topic, Draw a picture of an item and label its parts, Write down one thing they would like to know more about, To assess students’ prior knowledge, skills, and understanding, To inform teachers’ use of instructional strategies or practices, To help teachers assign students to groups, To determine what the students understand, To inform teachers of needed instructional adjustments, To help teachers design meaningful lessons, To help teachers assign students to different groups, To determine what the students have learned, To assist teachers in refining instruction for the following year. 4.2 ASSESSMENT PRINCIPLES ..... 10 4.3 MANAGING ASSESSMENT ..... 14 4.4 School Assessment Programme ..... 18 4.5 Recording and Reporting ..... 19 4.6 Moderation of Assessment..... 20 4.7 General..... 21. 2018 CAPS Page GRADE R-5 FOR LEARNERS WITH SEVERE INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY 2 1 SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION TO THE DIFFERENTIATED CURRICULUM AND ASSESSMENT … Learning environment refers to both the physical and the affective climate in the classroom. Differentiated assessment is the way by which teachers modify and match assessment with the varied characteristics/profiles of students in order to meet the students’ individual needs, thereby enhancing their learning and boosting their ability to show what they have learned. Effective strategies for implementing differentiated instruction John Munro University of Melbourne, Vic. It might require the instructor to deliver lessons at … To assess the students’ understanding of the day’s lesson, teachers hand out blank index cards and ask their students to do such things as: The students write their names and responses on the cards and turn them in to the teacher. It is often the case in traditional classrooms that a teacher’s instruction targets the average students, while struggling learners are assigned drill and practice problems and advanced students work on tangential tasks. What … This time she pairs students heterogeneously so that one student who has a firm grasp of the content is working with a student who is struggling with it. The learning tasks always consider the students' strengths/weaknesses. ( Log Out /  DifferentiatedAssessment Sydney Tyber, Martina Hradska, Dan McCloy 2. By differentiating assessments, teachers help diverse students to successfully demonstrate their competencies in particular ways that are fitting and effective for them. Differentiated instruction is not a one-size-fits-all approach, but instead should be shaped to meet the needs of students. Assessment in a Differentiated Classroom——3 uses both formal and informal formative assessment to chart the progress of each learner—and of the class as a whole—toward achieving the designated goals. Few students enter a classroom at the outset of a new school year asking, "What can you teach me about grammar?" https://abdao.wordpress.com/2015/07/18/differentiated-assessment Because students often find one type of grouping format particularly engaging, teachers can allow them to choose to work in groups, pairs, or independently for certain instructional activities. Differentiation: A Call to Action. As educators we all recognize the importance of sparking a student’s curiosity and motivation to learn. Instead of belonging to static groups, group membership is fluid or dynamic, changing to meet the different needs of the students. Students are differentiated in their knowledge and skills. Transformative Assessment in Action Readers will become better teachers as they learn to assess students before, during, and after instruction while building a positive learning culture with this classroom-friendly guide. General Principles of Assessment 3. Principles of Differentiated Instruction Learning experiences are based on student readiness, interest or learning profile. It is the "weather" that affects everything that happens there. All rights reserved. O’Brien & Guiney (2001) clearly enumerated these as major principles of differentiated instruction: 1) Every child can learn and every teacher can learn 2) All children have the right to high quality education. general principles of differentiation ; Quality curriculum Assessment that informs teaching and learning Instru! Another principle of differentiated instruction is that all students should be engaged in tasks that are interesting, challenging, engaging, and focused on the key concepts and skills introduced by the lesson or unit (i.e., respectful tasks). Responding to the Needs of All Learners (p.11)”]Assessment always has more to do with helping students grow than with cataloging their mistakes. But it doesn’t require an individual approach for each student. Page 1: Defining Differentiated Instruction, Page 4: Differentiate Instructional Elements, Page 8: Evaluate and Grade Student Performance, Page 9: Communicate with Students and Parents, Page 11: Employ Effective Behavior Management, Page 13: References & Additional Resources. Because assessment can provide valuable information about student learning, it should be an integral part of instruction. Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. Learning in groups enables students to engage in meaningful discussions and … Differentiated Assessment. Rather, they differentiate instruction for groups of students. Moreover, if teachers’ reasons for differentiation are for accessibility, motivati on, and By frequently assessing students’ knowledge and skills, teachers can use that information to develop and refine instruction to meet the students’ shifting needs. Essential Principles of Differentiation The following document is a summarising of key elements of the Differentiation in Practice Resource Guides written by Carol Ann Tomlinson and Caroline Cunningham Eidson for Grades K – 9 (see end for references). (2009). Click here for an example of flexible grouping. The high impact teaching strategies (HITS) are 10 instructional practices that reliably increase student learning when they're applied. Principle 1: Good Curriculum Comes First The … Designing various assessments apt for specific groups of learners provides more opportunities for students to effectively demonstrate what they have learned. It outlines key principles of effective assessment and provides detail about the three main approaches to assessment: assessment for, as and of learning. Here are the nuts and bolts of differentiated instruction and assessment: The choice is key to the process. Retrieved from http://teachingasleadership.org/sites/default/files/How_To/PP/P-4/P4_Trad_v_Diff_Classroom.pdf. March 23, 2018 ©Hero Images/500px. Teachers use differentiated assessment to match and respond to the varying learning needs of diverse students in a classroom. As Figure 1.1 suggests, some key principles guide differentiation. Continually build awareness of students’ learning … Differentiated instruction can play out differently from one classroom to the … There are a number of guiding principles that reflect effective practice in a differentiated classroom, including flexibility, respect and collaboration. principles for pre-assessm ent, ongoing assessment, and summative assessment. One major criticism of the approach is related to the relative complexities and difficulties entailed in teaching diverse types of students in a single classroom or educational setting. As differentiated instruction practices increasingly enable K-12 educators to individualize learning in their classrooms, it is important that this framework be extended to assessment as well. Differentiated assessment is the way by which teachers modify and match assessment with the varied characteristics/profiles of students in order to meet the students’ individual needs, thereby enhancing their learning and boosting their ability to show what they have learned. & Markovchick, K (n.d.). This modification is guided by the ... an authentic assessment,” which gives teachers fertile ground for differentiation. In order to understand differentiated instruction, the principles for practicing must be articulated. Change ), http://learni.st/users/nicole.natale.146/boards/40689-strategies-for-differentiation-for-struggling-learners, http://syllabus.bos.nsw.edu.au/support-materials/differentiated-assessment/, https://sites.google.com/site/aceeducatorresources/Home/assessment-resources/differentiation-and-assessment, http://store.scholastic.com/content/stores/media/products/samples/21/9780545087421.pdf, http://www.mainesupportnetwork.org/pdfs/sing07/Singapore%20-%20Handout%20-%20DI%20-%20Comparing%20Traditional%20and%20Diff.pdf, http://teachingasleadership.org/sites/default/files/How_To/PP/P-4/P4_Trad_v_Diff_Classroom.pdf, http://differentiatedstrategies.wikispaces.com/Differentiated+Strategies+for+Assessment, Traditional vs. Differentiated Assessment, Challenging advanced learners with more mid-stimulating activities, Flexible assignments and tasks based on students’ learning styles, Effective Questioning: open-ended and reflection questions, Post-Sharing Celebrations: wrap-around, carousel gala and rhythmic fan-fare, Likert Scales to Assess Learning, Attitude, and Progress, Teacher-Made Tests (true-false, multiple choice, fill in the blank, open-ended questions, performance tests, skills tests, problem based), Stations, Centers, and Learning Zones: Exploratory Stations and Structured Stations. Flexible grouping offers students the opportunity to work with classmates who are either similar or quite different in skill levels or interests. Differentiated instruction (DI), founded by Carol Ann Tomlinson, focuses primarily on how quality instruction can meet the needs of individual learners. Differentiated assessment is an ongoing process through which teachers gather data before, during, and after instruction from multiple sources to identify learners’ needs and strengths. The learning … Assessment of students’ needs is ongoing, and tasks are adjusted based on assessment data. Differentiated assessment is certainly not a mechanism for lowering expectations for students. Knowing the Learner . Assessment Strategies for Differentiated Instruction Start today. This concise yet comprehensive book explains the science and rationale behind DCA as well as principles and strategies for both formative and summative … Design and employ differentiated assessment strategies that will help both the struggling group of learners and the advanced group with different backgrounds demonstrate best what they have learned! Ensure that All Students Have Access to the Curriculum. Modules, case studies, activities, & more, Sample syllabi, curriculum matrices, & more, Sample PD activities, planning forms, & more, Resources & tools for independent learners, Feedback and testimonials from IRIS users. From a list of Zach Burrus, Dave Messer and Judith Dodge, here are some ways of differentiating assessments: BOSTES. Group Work: Students collaborate in pairs and small groups whose membership changes as needed. Curriculum, Pedagogy, Assessment & Reporting: A Framework for Quality Education in Northern Territory Schools—2018 - 2020 5 OVERVIEW In the Northern Territory, curriculum, pedagogy, assessment … Differentiated Assessment 1. As with pre-assessment, alignment of formative or ongoing assessment—and the instruction that follows with KUDs—is essential. Meet Juan Carlos, a sixth-grade student. Here is a list of some key principles that form the foundation of differentiating instruction. The general principles of assessment that are based on these sources are as . The teacher would like for the students to begin working on a project. (n.d.). Additionally, by assessing students’ interests and learning profile, teachers can design tasks that are engaging, motivating, and accessible. A system of providing continual feedback about preconceptions and performances to both learners and instructors; an ongoing evaluation of student learning. ... this is a direct implementation of differentiated instruction• The eleven guiding principles for all classrooms (not just credit recovery) states that assessment and evaluation strategies must be “varied in nature” (2-i); also an attempt at implementing differentiated … While differentiated instruction seems to have reached a level of broad acceptance, many still wonder if differentiated assessment is appropriate or even workable. While formative assessment … The IRIS Center is funded through a cooperative agreement with the U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education Programs (OSEP) Grant #H325E170001. Here we are to discuss the Principle of Validity. Differentiated assessments can be done by providing them various options and opportunities to show their learning and proficiency. Purposes of DI According to Melanie Bailey-Bird, To differentiate instruction is to RECOGNIZE students varying background knowledge, readiness, language, preferences in learning, interests, and to react responsively. 25 Quick formative assessments for a differentiated classroom. By using the IRIS Website, you consent to our use of cookies. The scenarios below offer a glimpse at how the teacher uses flexible grouping across a week; it does not provide a complete account of each daily lesson. All students participate in respectful work. The Differentiated Classroom: Guiding principles for differentiation . Because Juan Carlos has a firm grasp of the requisite knowledge, his group will be allowed to delve deeper into the content, while other groups work on tasks that will prepare them for the unit. Advice on Assessment is a useful overview of assessment in the classroom. Differentiation in middle & high school: strategies to engage all learners by Kristina J. Doubet & Jessica A. Hockett. :fjon that responds ... assessment feels punitive and fails to provide a student with It is a PROCESS to approach teaching and learning for students of differing abilities in the same class. How Differentiated Instruction Works. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. The nature of the learning environment for that young person will, in large measure, answer that question. Myths and Misconceptions about Differentiated Instruction and Universal Design for Learning. Here are the nuts and bolts of differentiated instruction and assessment: The choice is key to the process. Diffrentiated assessment. As with pre-assessment, alignment of formative or ongoing assessment—and the instruction that follows with KUDs—is essential. Moreover, if teachers’ reasons for differentiation are for accessibility, motivati on, and Ensure objectivity and fairness by employing clearly … The table below outlines the different types of assessments teachers can use when differentiating instruction. Refers to a student’s preferred method of learning new information or skills (e.g., visually, hands-on, through deductive means) and to environmental factors that influence a student’s learning (e.g., small group setting, bright lights, no distractions). Classroom assessment is the process of collecting, synthesizing, and interpreting information in a classroom for the purpose of aiding a teacher's decision making. Using ungraded tests or surveys to pre-assess students’ readiness and interests before or at the start of a unit will help you determine where each student is in relation to the unit KUD’s and guide you in identifying initial student groupings and task assignments in the beginning of the unit. C. Principles of assessment 31 D. Quality Assurance Assessment Cycle 32 E. 2018 assessment schedule 33 F. Descriptors for reporting to parents Years 1 – 9 35 References 37 . Differentiation plays into ongoing debates about equity and “academic tracking” in public schools. Retrieved from http://store.scholastic.com/content/stores/media/products/samples/21/9780545087421.pdf, Kinzie, C.L. In addition, differentiated assessment will save teachers, students, and parents from spending time on tasks that are boring, inappropriate, or excessively challenging. They need time to … Differentiated Instruction (DI) is defined as the planning and delivery of classroom instruction that considers the varied levels of readiness, learning needs, and interests of each learner in the class. In this way, each student brings unique strengths and knowledge to the group. Teachers might make group assignments based on the results of ongoing assessments. HITS have emerged from the findings of tens of thousands of studies on what has worked in classrooms across Australia and the world. brain learns enhance the basic principles of differentiation. As we continue to learn more about the learner, we respond by differentiating . All students participate in respectful work. Assessment is the element that steers instruction in the differentiated classroom. The IRIS Center Peabody College Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN 37203 iris@vanderbilt.edu. If teachers choose to use small groups or pairs, they need to consider whether the groups should be: Homogeneous—Teachers might group students with similar needs so that they can work with them to focus on specific content or skills. Try it now Social ... Principles of Differentiated... Go to Principles of Differentiated Instruction Ch 3. Comparing traditional and differentiated classrooms. Demonstrating … Differentiating learning is teaching the same lesson content to all students by using an assortment of instructional strategies. Among the fundamental principles that support differentiation (not all of them shown on the concept map) are the following: A differentiated classroom is flexible. Rather, they come with an overriding question: "How is it going to be for me in this place?" & Messer, D. (n.d.). Differentiating assessments is just as effective as differentiating instruction. Ongoing assessments enable teachers to develop differentiated lessons that meet every students’ needs. Over the past four weeks you’ve had the opportunity to create a classroom environment that supports the foundations of differentiated instruction (DI), brainstorm differentiated strategies that align with the Common Core State Standards, and create the foundation for a unit plan based that … Armed with this knowledge, teachers will be able to make the best curricular, instructional, and assessment choices to meet the needs of an increasingly diverse student population.” – Back cover. Dr John Munro is Head of Studies in Exceptional Learning and Gifted in the Graduate School of Education at the University of Melbourne. ( Log Out /  Alexandria, … By reviewing these two exit cards, the teacher realizes that Sara needs to use a graphic representation to solve the problem, whereas Nathan is able to use a mathematical representation to solve it. It involves more formative assessments than summative assessments. Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. The teacher should use grouping methods flexibly (i.e., flexible grouping). Differentiation is more than a strategy or series of strategies – it's a way of thinking about teaching and learning. All students have access to the curriculum in a variety of ways. By using more than one type of assessment, teachers can get a better understanding of how to teach content or a skill for the diverse group of students in the classroom. follows. By providing various assessment methods/activities appropriate for particular types of students, the teachers are able to meet the students’ individual needs, thereby helping them to be successful in their learning. To best address the learning needs of all students, teachers should use a variety of grouping methods—whole-group, small-group (usually no more than six students), or peer pairs—in addition to having students work independently. The indicators of effective differentiation outlined in the self-assessment are based on four general principles, or guidelines, of differentiated instruction found in current literature (C. A. Tomlinson, 1999): In differentiated classrooms, teachers… Create and sustain a responsive learning environment, providing the foundation for long-term learning and positive connections … Students then need varying opportunities to demonstrate their knowledge based on the teaching, hence differentiated assessment. (or the periodic table or cursive writing or planets). The indicators of effective differentiation outlined in the self-assessment are based on four general principles, or guidelines, of differentiated instruction found in current literature (C. A. Tomlinson, 1999): In differentiated … Many teachers will not want this breadth and are looking for specific information about part of the process. View the following videos and professional learning resources to consider new assessment possibilities for the diverse learners in your classroom. Differentiated assessment involves teachers making adjustments to and modifying assessment activities for individual students or a group of students. All assessments must produce outcomes that are: valid: the assessment evidence meets all assessment criteria and all learning outcomes; authentic: all the work is the learner’s own; reliable: assessment evidence is consistent and generates outcomes that would be replicated were the assessment repeated; current: assessment evidence is up-to-date; sufficient: enough work is … Heterogeneous—Teachers might group students with different learning needs or dissimilar interests. There are four Principles of Assessment – Reliability, Fairness, Flexibility and Validity. Students differ in their previous learning experiences, readiness, learning styles, preferences, academic standing, abilities, strengths and weaknesses, culture, race, and backgrounds. Assessment principles and practice is intended as a comprehensive overview of the way that the IB approaches assessment. Teachers can assess students in a number of ways. Chapter 1. At the beginning of class, the teacher introduces a social studies lesson using whole-group instruction. It is an educational model that integrates many of the best teaching practices and principals that have surfaced through the cognitive psychology … 25 Quick Formative Assessments for a Differentiated Classroom Page 2/17 Retrieved from https://sites.google.com/site/aceeducatorresources/Home/assessment-resources/differentiation-and-assessment, Dodge, J. … Rather, it is a strategy to encourage every student to meet the same rigorous standards in different ways. By Lissa Pijanowski. Posted on January 2, 2021 | by admin. Choice of learning activity as well as choice in the assessment (how the student will demonstrate understanding). Show how you solved the problem.”. They differ in the ways and speeds at which they process new learning and connect it to prior knowledge and … Additional comments and graphics sourced by or created by Intuyu Consulting. Students are differentiated in their knowledge and skills. The elements of the curriculum thatcan be differentiated are content (the facts, concepts, generalizations or principles, attitudes, and … Using the results of a pre-assessment about the unit’s content, the teacher divides her class of twenty-seven students into five small groups, each consisting of four to six students. acquire additional skills needed for effective differentiated instruction. Choice of learning activity as well as choice in the assessment (how the student will demonstrate understanding). Supporting the Needs of Diverse Learners Choice in Assessment While differentiated instruction seems to have reached a level of broad acceptance, many still wonder if differentiated assessment is appropriate or even workable. ( Log Out /  Differentiated instruction and assessment is a framework for effective teaching that involves providing diverse students with different avenues to learning (often in the same classroom) in terms of acquiring content, processing and constructing ideas, and developing teaching materials and assessment measures so that all students can learn effectively, regardless of differences in ability. eelt0344.indd 2 11/15/2017 12:02:31 PM. This makes the whole learning experience more effective. differentiated instruction is maximum student growth and individual success, and the key principles that guide differentiated instruction include flexibility in learning goals, effective and ongoing assessment, flexible grouping, “respectful” activities and learning arrangements, and Now that we’ve studied different types of assessment, I believe the answer to your question is: apply differentiated assessment! Assessments may be formal (e.g., a unit test) or informal (e.g., an exit card [View sample]) and can often be conducted quickly. We know that when students are provided with opportunities … However, in a differentiated classroom, each student, regardless of his or her skill level, should work on respectful tasks. Principles of differentiation for gifted education In Gifted and talented students: Meeting their needs in New Zealand schools (MOE, 2012, p. 56), Riley (2004) presents a set of principles to guide teachers and school leaders when developing differentiated content, processes and products for gifted learners. Retrieved from http://differentiatedstrategies.wikispaces.com/Differentiated+Strategies+for+Assessment. (n.d.) P-4: Differentiate your plans to fit your students. The teacher is primarily a coordinator of time, space and activities rather than primarily a provider of information. Principle of Validity Perhaps this last principle of assessment should have been discussed first, as it is so important. Classroom . These assessments provide a peek into what each student knows. Retrieved from http://syllabus.bos.nsw.edu.au/support-materials/differentiated-assessment/, Burrus, Z. Rather than assessing students only at the end of a unit, teachers can use assessments before, during, and after teaching a unit to gather information critical to providing effective instruction. These formative assessments can be exit tickets, Google Forms, Socrative, or myriad other strategies and tools.Differentiated assessment might also include a take home test. principles for pre-assessm ent, ongoing assessment, and summative assessment. Differentiation and assessment. Differentiated instruction, on the other hand, uses several learning approaches. Copyright 2021 Vanderbilt University. Project Officer, Sarah Allen. It is based on the differentiation philosophy that involves a complex set of practices. Retrieved from http://www.mainesupportnetwork.org/pdfs/sing07/Singapore%20-%20Handout%20-%20DI%20-%20Comparing%20Traditional%20and%20Diff.pdf, Teaching as Leadership. Teachers should avoid scheduling regular testing days (e.g., tests are routinely given on Fridays) but rather should assess students as needed. Fundamental Principles of Differentiated Instruction. R… principles that guide differentiated instruction include flexibility in learning goals, effective and ongoing assessment, flexible grouping, “respectful” activities and learning arrangements, and collaboration between students and teacher. Key elements that teachers can use in instructional design to guide students to engage more deeply with content. The general principles of assessment that are based on these sources are as . Often used to evaluate whether a student has mastered the content or skill. Assessment of students’ needs is ongoing, and tasks are adjusted based on assessment data. :fjon that responds to student variance ; Teachers can differentiate through ; Leading studen1s and managing routines ; Content ; The information and ideas studen1s grapple with to reach the learning goals ; Process ; How studen1s take in and make sense of the … NESA is regularly updating its advice as the coronavirus outbreak unfolds. Assessment of stem cell differentiation based on genome-wide expression profiles. This differentiated curriculum 8 Principles of Deeper Learning. Validity means that the […] Process is how students make sense of the content. In our previous Blogs we discussed the Principles of Reliability, Fairness and Flexibility. follows. Principles of Differentiated Instruction Learning experiences are based on student readiness, interest or learning profile. An evaluation administered to measure student learning outcomes, typically at the end of a unit or chapter. eelt0344.indd 2 11/15/2017 12:02:31 PM. … This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Juan Carlos chooses to work with two other students who are interested in the same topic. 2. His social studies teacher uses different grouping formats and employs flexible grouping to meet the needs of her diverse learners. This does not mean that teachers individually tailor instruction. Alternatively, students might choose to work in a particular group based on their interests or learning needs. Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. For older students, these cards are often turned in as students exit the class. Understanding and adhering to these principles facilitate the work of the teacher and the success of the learner in a responsive classroom.